ANALYSIS OF SCALE OF FIN DAMAGE (EROSION) IN FARMED RAINBOW TROUT IN THE REPUBLIC OF KOSOVA
Abstract
This study has utilized a non-invasive, rapid, and reliable method of assessing the scale of fin damage in rainbow trout from aquacultures in eight locations throughout the Republic of Kosova. The method is based on a visual assessment of the fin in profile and the loss of surface area of all fins on a scale from 0-5, compared to a healthy fin. The scale of fin damage was analyzed in two groups of fish, those weighing less than 30 grams and those weighing over 100 grams. The study demonstrated that the average indicator of fin damage was higher in larger fish than in smaller fish. Fin damage also depended on the season. Thus, greater fin damage was observed during the summer, compared to the winter and spring months, when the scale of damage was less severe. Moreover, the shape of the pond also impacted fin damage. Thus, the scale of fin damage was greater in circular-shaped ponds compared to rectangular-shaped ponds. The dorsal and pectoral fins were both exposed to damage. The average value of fin damage on the dorsal fin was 3.11, on the left pectoral fin 2.72, whereas on the right pectoral fin 2.70. The reasons behind the fin damage could be related to metabolic adaptations or adaptations to rearing conditions, which should be further looked into in the future in hopes of improving fin condition.
Keywords: Rainbow trout, fish farms, fins, erosion.
References
Abbott, J.C. & Dill, L.M. 1985. Patterns of aggressive attack in juvenile steelhead trout (Salmo gairdneri). Canadian Journal Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 42, 1702-1706.
Bodammer, J. 2000. Some new observations on the cytopathology on fin erosion disease in winter flounder Pseudopleuronectes americanus. Disease Aquatic Organism 40:51-65.
Barrows, F.T., Lellis, W.A., 1999. The effect of dietary protein and lipid source on dorsal fin erosion in rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss. Aquaculture 180, 167-75.
Bosakowski, T., Wagner, E.J., 1994b. Assessment of fin erosion by comparison of relative fin length in hatchery and wild trout in Utah. Canadian Journal Fisheries and Aquat Science 51, 636-41.
Barker, D.E, Khan, R.A. & Hooper, R. 1994. Biondicators of stress in winter flounder, Pleuronectes americanus, captures adjacent to a pulp and paper mill in St. George’s Bay, Newfoundland. Canadian Journal Fisheries and Aquatic Science 51:2203-2209.
Cvetkovikj, A., Radeski, M., Blazhekovikj, D, Kostov, V., Stefanovski V., 2013. Fin damge of farmed rainbow trout in the Republic of Macedonia. Macedonian Veterinary Reviev 2013; 36 (2): 73-83.
Canon Jones, H.A., Hansen, L.A., Noble, C., Damsgard, B., Broom, D.M., Pearce, G.P., 2010. Social network analysis of behavioural interactions influencing fin damage development in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) during feed-restriction. Applied Animal Behavior Science 127, 139-51.
Christiansen, J.S. & Jobling,M. 1989. The behavior and the relationship between food intake and growth of juvenile Arctic charr, Salvelinus alpines L., subjected to sustained exercise. Canadian Journal of Zoology 68:2185-2191.
Ellis, T., Oidtman, B., St-Hilaire, S., Turnbull, J., North, B., Maclntyre, C., Nikolaidis, J., Hoyle, I., Kestin, S., Knowles, T., 2008. Fin erosion in farmed fish, In: Branson, E. (Ed.), Fish Welfare, Blackwell, Oxford, pp. 121-149.
FAO, 2014a. The State of World Fisheries and Aquaculture 2014. Rome. 223 pp.
FAO, 2014b. FAO Yearbook - Fishery and Aquaculture Statistics. Summary tables - World aquaculture production by species groups.
Farm Animal Welfare Council, 1996. Report on the welfare of farmed fish. FAWC, Surbiton, Surrey.
Giles, R.C., Brown, L.R. & Minchew, D.C. 1978. Bacteriological aspects of fin erosion in mullet exposed to crude oil. Journal of Fish Biology 13: 113-117.
Larmoyeux, J.D. & Piper, J.D. 1971. Reducing eroded fin condition in hatchery trout: feeding to satiation may eliminate or reduce so-called eroded fins commom in raceway-reared trout. American Fishes and U.S. Trout News, September-October, 8-9.
Loganathan, B.A., Ramesh, A. & Venugopalan, V.K. 1989. Pathogenic bacteria associated with Lates calcarifer and Ambassis commersoni. J. Appl. Microbiol. And Biotech, 5:463-474
Hyole, I, Oidtmann, B., Ellis, T., Turnbull, J., North, B., Nikolaidis, J., Knowles, T.G., 2007. A validatet macroscopic key to assess fin damage in farmed rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Aquaculture 270, 142-8.
Kahn, R.A., Campbell, J. & Lear, H. 1981. Mortality in captive atlantic cod, Gadus morhua, associated with fin rot disease. Journal of Wildlife Diseases vol. 17:4.
Keenleyside, M.H.A., Yamamoto, F.T., 1962. Territorial behaviour of juvenile Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.). Behaviour19:139-169.
Kadri, S., Metcalfe, N.B., Huntingford,F.A., Thorpe, J.E. 1997. Daily feeding rhythms in Atlantic salmon: I. Feeding and aggression in parr under ambient environmental conditions. Journal of Fish Biology 50: 267–272
Kindschi, G.A., Shaw, H.T., Bruhn, D.S., 1991b. Effects of baffles and isolation on dorsal fin erosion in steelhead trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum). Aquacult Fish Manage 22, 343-50.
Kindschi, G.A., 1988. Effect of intermittent feeding on growth of rainbow trout, Salmo gairdneri Richardson. Aquaculture Fish Managery 19, 213-5.
Klontz, G.W., Maskill, M.G., Kaiser, H., 1991. Effects of reduced continous versus intermittent feeding of steelhead. Progres Fish Culture 53, 229-35.
Macinture, C., 2008. Water quality and welfare assessment on United Kingdom trout farms. PhD thesis. Institute of Aquaculture, University of Stirling.
Moutou, K.A., McCarthy, I.D., Houlihan, D.F., 1998. The effect of ration level and social rank on the development of fin damage in juvenile rainbow trout. Journal of Fish Biology 52, 756-70.
Mazik, P.M, Brandt, T.M. & Tomasso, J.R. 1987. Effects of dietary vitamin C on growth, caudal fin development, and tolerance of aquaculture-related stressors in channel catfish. Progresiv Fish Culturist 49:13-16.
Noble, C., Kadri, S., Mitchell, D.F., Huntingford, F.A. 2007. Influence of feeding regime on intraspecific competition, fin damage and growth in 1+ Atlantic salmon parr (Salmon salar L.) held in freshwater production cages. Aquaculture research, 38:1137-1143.
Pickering, A.D. & Pottinger, T.G. 1989. Stress responses and disease resistance in salmonid fish: effects of chronic elevation of plasma cortisol. Fish Physiology and Biochemistry, 7:253-258.
Pelis, R.M. & McCormick, S.D. 2003. Fin development in stream-and hatchery-reared Atlantic salmon. Aquaculture 220: 525-536.
St-Hilaire S., Ellis, T., Cooke, A., North, B.P., Turnbull, J.F., Knowies, T., Kestin, S., 2006. Fin erosion on commercial rainbow trout farms in the UK. Vet Rec 159, 446-50.
Schneider, R. & Nicholson, B. L. 1980. Bacteria associated with fin rot disease in hatcheryreared Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 37: 1505-1513.
Turunbull, J., Adams, C., Richards, R., Robertson, D., 1998. Attack site and resultant damage during aggressive encounters in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) parr. Aqauculture 159, 345-53.
Winfree, R.A., Kindschi, G.A. & Shaw, H.T. 1998. Elevated water temperature, crowding, and food deprivation accelerate fin erosion in juvenile steelhead. Progress in Fish Culture 60:192-199.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Declaration/Copyright transfer:
1. In consideration of the undertaking set out in paragraph 2, and upon acceptance by ANGLISTICUM for publication of the manuscript in the Journal, I/We hereby assign and transfer publication rights to ANGLISTICUM, whereas I/We retain the copyright for the manuscript. This assignment provides ANGLISTICUM the sole right and responsibility to publish the manuscript in its printed and online version, and/or in other media formats.
2. In consideration of this assignment, ANGLISTICUM hereby undertakes to prepare and publish the manuscript in the Journal, subject only to its right to refuse publication if there is a breach of the Author’s warranty in paragraph 4 or if there are other reasonable grounds.
3. Editors and the editorial board of ANGLISTICUM are empowered to make such editorial changes as may be necessary to make the Manuscript suitable for publication.
4. I/We hereby acknowledge that: (a) The manuscript submitted is an original work and that I/We participated in the work substantively and thus I/We hereby are prepared to take public responsibility for the work; (b) I/We hereby have seen and approved the manuscript as submitted and that the manuscript has not either been published, submitted or considered for publication elsewhere; (c) The text, illustration, and any other materials included in the manuscript do not infringe upon any existing copyright or other rights of anyone.
5. I/We hereby indemnify ANGLISTICUM and the respective Editors of the Journal as mentioned in paragraph 3, and hold them harmless from any loss, expense or damage occasioned by a claim or suit by a third party for copyright infringement, or any suit arising out of any breach of the foregoing warranties as a result of publication of the manuscript.
