Studies on Canine Parvovirus 2 in Kosovo
Abstract
A serologic survey was carried out and blood samples were taken from 124 unvaccinated, clinically healthy dogs of different ages (from 6 to 156 months). Serum samples were tested by using hemagglutination inhibition (HI) test having titers of HI antibodies to CPV-2 varying from 0 to 1:2048.Out of 124 dogs tested, 96 (77.42%) had HI titers of 1:16 or greater (criteria that established the positivity) and 28 of them had HI titers less than 1:16 that meant a negative result. The seroprevalence in communities of Kamenica, Rahovec, Peja, Prishtina and Prizren was 78.0%, 76.5%, 64.2%, 75.0% and 100%, respectively. It showed a high prevalence of CPV-2 antibodies in each community involved in the study as well as that at the nation level 96 (77.42%). Such a finding indicates that the prevalence of anti-CPV-2 antibodies is high, and as a consequence, the CPV-2 itself is widespread all-over the country. In addition to the serological studies, clinical and pathological findings were taken into account as well. The more frequent clinical symptoms noticed were depression, anorexia, watery and/or bloody diarrhea, vomiting, tachycardia and severe dehydration. In spite of the supportive therapy, a diet consisting of 50% yogurt of homemade cow milk mixed with 50% water was introduced. Of 6 puppies that received the yogurt, 5 survived (83.3%) and only one died (16.6%). A necropsy was carried out in 14 puppies died from hemorrhagic enteritis. All 12 puppies belonged to the shelter of stray dogs of Rahovec from the communities of Gjakova, Rahovec, Kamenica and Peja. Based on a rapid test for CPV-2 antigen detection, 12 puppies tested positive for CPV-2, one was identified with clostridia infection and one resulted negative for CPV-2. The most lesion-pronounced organs affected by CPV-2 were the small intestine.
Keywords: Serology, gross pathology, histological examination, CPV-2.
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