SURRENDER OF SHKODRA
Abstract
In this paper we will tackle the position Shkodra in the time frame 20 October 1912 - 13 May 1913, the war for defending Shkodra, 1912-1913, is among the most difficult wars for the Albanian people to defend the territorial integrity, as well as a stage of the glorious history of Albania, which in terms of duration in a six-month Serbian-Montenegrin siege, constitutes the most unique case of the heroic resistance of Albanians in the First Balkan War, defending Shkodra, was being held by Hasan Riza Pasha and Esat Pasha Toptani, but Esat Pasha in an agreement with the Montenegrins surrendered the city of Shkodra to the hands of the Montenegrins. The Shkodra capitulation agreement was implemented on the night of 22-23 April 1913, when the first lines of Montenegrin troops entered the city.
However, the occupation of Shkodra by Montenegro did not affect the decision of the Conference of Ambassadors, as it had at that time opened talks on Shkodra, where it was widely debated for the city, and due to the stubbornness of King Nikolla (Krajl Nikolla) did not intend to reject their consensus reached on the border issue. As a result, the city of Shkodra was emptied, thus passing to the Powers represented by the commanders of the international naval forces, under the command of the vice admiral of the fleet, Sesil Bërni, as a representative of the Conference of Ambassadors. He stated that the flags of the five Great Powers (Austria, England, France, Germany and Italy) would be flown over the castle until an autonomous government was established in Albania.
Keywords: Surrender of Shkodra, Esat Pasha Toptani, Hasan Riza Pasha, Surrender of Shkodra, Conference of Ambassadors in London, Foreign Press.
References
Haus und Hof Staatsarchiv, wien, Politisches Archiv, Albanien (HHStA, PA, A). Në Arkivi Institutit të Historisë ( AIH). Viti 1912 | HHStA, PA, A, në AIH, vj. 22-1-165.
HHStA, PA, A, në AIH, vj. 22-1-165; Zambaur për Berchtold , Shkodër, 28 october 1912.
Shatri, M. (2012). Qendra e Studimeve Albanologjike, Instituti i Historisë-Tiranë, Dokumente Britanike për Ç’ështjen shqiptare në Konferencën e Ambasadorëve në Londër 1912- 1913, Toena, Tiranë.
Shatri, M. (2012). Qendra e Studimeve Albanologjike Instituti i Historisë- Tiranë Dokumente Franceze për Shqipërinë dhe shqiptarët më 1912, Vëllimi II, Toena, Tiranë
Përlindja e Shqipëriës”, 2 vjeshtë e parë 1913; Letër e hapur e Mihal Gramenos drejtuar Esat Toptanit.
Newspapers “Evening Post”, Volumi LXXXV, Qështja 100, dt. 29 April 1913.
Newspapers “The Argus“, dt. 29 April 1913.
Newspapers “The Vossische Zeitung's Trieste“, dt. 28 April 1913.
Newspapers “The Lokal Anzeiger's Vienna“, dt. 28 April 1913.
Newspapers “The Lewiston Daily Sun“ , dt. 28 April 1913.
Fiçorri, R. (2002). Ushtritë e huaja në Shqipëri, 1912-1922, Mokra, Tiranë.
Zenelaj, E. (2010). Çështja shqiptare nga këndëvështrimi i diplomacisë dhe gjeopolitikës së Austro-Hungarisë (1699-1918), Ushtrimi praktik i kultprotektoratit në Shqipëri (1916-1918), Faik Konica, Prishtinë.
Metias, S. (2006). Historia e shqiptarëve nga ilirët deri te Pavarësia e Kosovës, Tiranë.
Gashi, I. (2012). Pavarësia e Shqipërisë dhe pasojat e Luftës së Parë Ballkanike 1912-1913, Prishtinë.
Berisha, Sh. (2014). "Chi e quell Esat?", Paris 1920, cituar sipas studimit "Veprimtaria antikombëtare e Esat Pashës, (1912 1920)", Prishtinë.
Pavlovi, Zh. (2007). Opsada Skadra 1912-1913, Beograd 1926, (Përkthyer nga: Frymëzim Dauti), Tiranë.
Fishta, Gj. (1941). Lirika: Mrizi i Zanavet e Vallja e Parrizit, Shkodër.
Mosi, H. (1913). Zani Atdheut Komiti, Trieste.
Puto, A. (2009). Shqipëria Politike 1912-1939, Toena, Tiranë.
Glenny, M. (2000). Histori e Ballkanit 1804-1999, Nacionalizmi, Luftërat dhe Fuqitë e Mëdha, Instituti i Dialogut& Komunikimit, Tiranë.
Puto, A. (1978). Pavarësia Shqiptare dhe Diplomacia e Fuqive të Mëdha 1912-1914, 8 Nëntori, Tiranë.
Rizaj, G.S. (2011). Shqipëria e Sipërme 1800-1913, Instituti Albanalogjik, Prishtinë.
Jasques, E. (2000). Shqiptarët Historia e popullit shqiptar nga lashtësia deri në ditët e sotme, Kartë e Pende, Tiranë.
Dobra, I. (2002). Qëndrimi i Italisë ndaj çështjes shqiptare 1878-1913, Botimi i Dytë me zgjerim, Shoqata për Ndriçimin e Historisë Kombëtare, Prishtinë.
Historia e Popullit Shqiptar II [2002], Gani Demiri (Ratkoceri), Kryengritja shqiptare e vitit 1912, Tiranë 1997, Botimet Toena, Tiranë.
Buletin i Fakultetit Filozofik XXIV [1994], Dr. Gazmend Rizaj “Hasan Riza Pasha dhe mbrojtja e Shkodrës 1912-1913”, Prishtinë.
Rankin, S. (2007). The inner history of Ballkan Wars, London 1914, (Translated by: Frymëzim Dauti), Tiranë.
Eugenio, V. ‟La Nazione Albanese”; Catania 1917.
Ertuna, H. (2012). ‟Mbrojtja e Shkodrës dhe Hasan Riza Pasha”, Tiranë 2006.
Historia e popullit shqiptar, vëllimi III [2007], Periudha e pavarësisë 28 nëntor 1912 - 7 prill 1939. Autori: Akademia e Shkencave te Shqipërisë. Shtëpia botuese: Toena.
Vllamasi, S. (1995). Ballafaqime politike në Shqipëri (1897-1942), përgaditi për botim Marenglen Verli, Tiranë.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Declaration/Copyright transfer:
1. In consideration of the undertaking set out in paragraph 2, and upon acceptance by ANGLISTICUM for publication of the manuscript in the Journal, I/We hereby assign and transfer publication rights to ANGLISTICUM, whereas I/We retain the copyright for the manuscript. This assignment provides ANGLISTICUM the sole right and responsibility to publish the manuscript in its printed and online version, and/or in other media formats.
2. In consideration of this assignment, ANGLISTICUM hereby undertakes to prepare and publish the manuscript in the Journal, subject only to its right to refuse publication if there is a breach of the Author’s warranty in paragraph 4 or if there are other reasonable grounds.
3. Editors and the editorial board of ANGLISTICUM are empowered to make such editorial changes as may be necessary to make the Manuscript suitable for publication.
4. I/We hereby acknowledge that: (a) The manuscript submitted is an original work and that I/We participated in the work substantively and thus I/We hereby are prepared to take public responsibility for the work; (b) I/We hereby have seen and approved the manuscript as submitted and that the manuscript has not either been published, submitted or considered for publication elsewhere; (c) The text, illustration, and any other materials included in the manuscript do not infringe upon any existing copyright or other rights of anyone.
5. I/We hereby indemnify ANGLISTICUM and the respective Editors of the Journal as mentioned in paragraph 3, and hold them harmless from any loss, expense or damage occasioned by a claim or suit by a third party for copyright infringement, or any suit arising out of any breach of the foregoing warranties as a result of publication of the manuscript.