SERBIAN SECRET TERRORIST ORGANIZATION "BLACK HAND" AND ITS CONSEQUENCES FOR ALBANIANS 1903-1917
Abstract
The political circumstances that were created in the middle of the 19th century, favored the Serbian state to increase the violence against Albanians, having the support of the political opinion of the time. The platform for the displacement of Albanians and for the creation of a Greater Serbia, which began with Garashanin’s Draft (Načertanije) of (1844), which returned to the service of politics, scientific and cultural institutions by drafting detailed projects for ethnic cleansing of Albanian lands, where as a result secret terrorist organizations were created.The most notorious of these was the Black Hand (Dora e Zezë - Crna Ruka) organization, which was paramilitary and supported the idea of a Greater Serbia, created in 1911 by Major Dragutin T. Dimitrijevic Apis, who was involved in the overthrow of The Obrenovics' dynasty of 1903, a king who was influenced by Austro-Hungarian empire and Europe, this killing paved the way for the return of the Karagjorgjevic dynasty to the throne and for it to be taken over by the Russian-influenced wing and led by Nikola Pashic.Since the organization's program was the realization of a Greater Serbia, this program also included Albanian territories, as a result of which the Black Hand had formed a whole network of conspiracies against Albanian lands, it also had the Steering Committee in Pristina.This idea of national liberation and unification was the guiding principle of nineteenth-century (XIX) political elites, but Apis represented it in the purest and most brutal way, his organization did not last long. In 1917 Dimitrijevic was executed for conspiracy.Keywords: Colonel Apis, “Black Hand”, “Načertanije - (the Draft)”, Consequences for Albanians, Nikola Pashic.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Declaration/Copyright transfer:
1. In consideration of the undertaking set out in paragraph 2, and upon acceptance by ANGLISTICUM for publication of the manuscript in the Journal, I/We hereby assign and transfer publication rights to ANGLISTICUM, whereas I/We retain the copyright for the manuscript. This assignment provides ANGLISTICUM the sole right and responsibility to publish the manuscript in its printed and online version, and/or in other media formats.
2. In consideration of this assignment, ANGLISTICUM hereby undertakes to prepare and publish the manuscript in the Journal, subject only to its right to refuse publication if there is a breach of the Author’s warranty in paragraph 4 or if there are other reasonable grounds.
3. Editors and the editorial board of ANGLISTICUM are empowered to make such editorial changes as may be necessary to make the Manuscript suitable for publication.
4. I/We hereby acknowledge that: (a) The manuscript submitted is an original work and that I/We participated in the work substantively and thus I/We hereby are prepared to take public responsibility for the work; (b) I/We hereby have seen and approved the manuscript as submitted and that the manuscript has not either been published, submitted or considered for publication elsewhere; (c) The text, illustration, and any other materials included in the manuscript do not infringe upon any existing copyright or other rights of anyone.
5. I/We hereby indemnify ANGLISTICUM and the respective Editors of the Journal as mentioned in paragraph 3, and hold them harmless from any loss, expense or damage occasioned by a claim or suit by a third party for copyright infringement, or any suit arising out of any breach of the foregoing warranties as a result of publication of the manuscript.